洞庭湖退田还湖及其生态恢复过程分析   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  

姜加虎  张琛  黄群  邓学建 《湖泊科学》2004,16(4):325-330

洞庭湖曾是我国第一大淡水湖泊,盛期面积达6000km2以上,具有调蓄长江中游洪水的巨大生态服务功能.但经过近百年来的沧桑变迁,湖泊发生了巨大变化,由于泥沙的严重淤积和围湖垦殖活动,湖泊面积已萎缩至2625km2,为我国第二大淡水湖泊.湖泊萎缩削弱了其生态服务功能,并由此引发了江湖洪水愈演愈烈的形势.1998年长江流域洪涝灾害之后,中国政府及时提出了"退田还湖"等洪水治理的32字指导原则,湖区各地随即积极开展了"退田还湖、平垸行洪和移民建镇"等工程.本文针对湖区退田还湖双退堤垸的生态恢复过程,选择湖南省汉寿县的青山垸进行了跟踪研究.结果显示了湖泊湿地恢复的阶段性特征,并为我国日益严重的湖泊富营养化问题的治理,提供了新的途径和可供参考的科学依据.  相似文献   

人的自然与自然的人——21世纪人口与资源环境可持续发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周毅 《地球学报》1998,19(3):325-334

２０世纪是人类物质文明最发达的时代,但也是地球生态环境和自然资源遭到破坏最为严重时期。不可持续的经济畸增的产生和消费模式使人类生存和发展面临严峻挑战。传统工业是一柄福音和灾祸的双刃剑,中国并不庞大的工业由于先天不足、粗放外延发展等原因过早地走入了破坏自然生态、人口急剧膨胀、环境污染不断加剧的尴尬境地,有可能重蹈发达国家“经济腾飞,公害泛滥”的覆辙。本文提出人口、生态、资源、环境、社会、经济、文明可持续发展新思路及可操作性对策是当务之急。  相似文献   

Das Verhalten des Mikroorganismus Metallogenium spec. in einer kontinuierlichen Kultur     

Andreas Herschel 《Limnologica》1999,29(2):195

A series of 7 growth experiments with Metallogenium sp. was conducted in a flow-through reactor (chemostat). The results demonstrate that Metallogenium sp. grows under simulated lake water conditions in the laboratory. Metallogenium reacted in the chemostat in the same way as a microorganism. The growth rates of the microorganism Metallogenium were determined. It can be concluded therefore that the maximal growth rate at a temperature of 15 °C was 0.7 d⁻¹.  相似文献   

滇池铜绿微囊藻(M. aeruginosa Kutz)的分离培养与总DNA提取的改进   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陆源  文建凡  吕天雯 《湖泊科学》2001,13(3):285-288

利用稀释法结合平板分离培养法将采用滇池水华中的铜绿微囊灌进行了成功的分离纯化，对比纯化培养前后，发现纯化后该藻的生长速度明显加快，密度大为提高，约为纯化前的5倍，由乙醇乙醚混合液对该灌作预处理后，破坏了其胶质被，再经常规方法提取总DNA，其得率提高3－4倍。  相似文献   

Rethinking Precolonial Plant Cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America     

Douglas Deur 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(2):140-157

The indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America are widely believed to have been true “hunter‐fisher‐gatherers,” lacking plant cultivation of any kind. This depiction of the region's indigenous inhabitants emerged within early colonial accounts and was perpetuated within the literatures of geography, anthropology, and archaeology. Still, there is ample evidence of plant cultivation available from archival, archaeological, and ethnographic sources. In particular, the peoples of coastal British Columbia created large gardens of edible estuarine plants, using sophisticated indigenous technologies. The oversight of these practices in written representations of the region reveals consistent patterns of bias, emanating from the agendas of colonial agents and early academics alike. In turn, this bias has undermined aboriginal traditions of cultivation and indigenous land claims.  相似文献   

开垦对内蒙古温带草地土壤不同有机碳组分的影响(英文)   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

齐玉春  董云社  彭琴  肖胜生  何亚婷  刘欣超  孙良杰  贾军强  杨智杰 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(2):315-328

Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon (C), especially on the liable organic C fractions have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, the role of cropping in soil organic C pool of different fractions was investigated in a meadow steppe region in Inner Mongolia of China, and the relationships between different C fractions were also discussed. The results indicated that the concentrations of different C fractions at steppe and cultivated land all decreased progressively with soil depth. After the conversion from steppe to spring wheat field for 36 years, total organic carbon (TOC) concentration at the 0 to 100 cm soil depth has decreased by 12.3% to 28.2%, and TOC of the surface soil horizon, especially those of 0-30 cm decreased more significantly (p<0.01). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at the depth of 0-40 cm were found to have decreased by 66.7% to 77.1% and 36.5% to 42.4%, respectively. In the S.baicalensis steppe, the ratios of soil DOC to TOC varied between 0.52% and 0.60%, and those in the spring wheat field were only in the range of 0.18%-0.20%. The microbial quotients (qMBs) in the spring wheat field, varying from 1.11% to 1.40%, were also lower than those in the S. baicalensis steppe, which were in the range of 1.50%-1.63%. The change of DOC was much more sensitive to cultivation disturbance. Soil TOC, DOC, and MBC were significantly positive correlated with each other in the S. baicalensis steppe, but in the spring wheat field, the correlativity between DOC and TOC and that between DOC and MBC did not reach the significance level of 0.05.  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮对一年生植物影响研究进展     

陈孟晨  张景光  刘立超  冯丽  滕嘉玲 《中国沙漠》2017,37(3):483-490

生物土壤结皮在荒漠地区广泛分布,它的形成和演替深刻地改变了土壤表层的结构特征和理化性质,进而影响了荒漠地区一年生植物的种子传播、萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程。本文回顾了国内外有关生物土壤结皮对一年生植物影响的研究,综述了生物土壤结皮对一年生植物的土壤种子库、种子萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程的影响,分析了各研究结论中存在争议的原因,总结了生物土壤结皮对一年生植物种子传播、萌发、幼苗存活及生长影响的内在机理,指出了生物土壤结皮对荒漠地区植被组成的筛选作用,并对进一步的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

不同氮、磷浓度及配比对铜藻(Sargassum horneri)幼苗生长的影响     

李慧  丁刚  辛美丽  刘玮  马增岭  李大鹏  郭文 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(2):368-372

采用铜藻(Sargassum horneri)幼苗为实验对象,分别以Na NO3和Na H2PO4为氮源和磷源,研究了不同氮磷质量浓度及氮磷配比对铜藻幼苗生长的影响。进行了氮、磷单因子实验、双因子实验以及不同氮磷配比实验,实验时间为8d。结果表明:氮和磷对铜藻幼苗生长影响极显著(P0.01),且当氮、磷的质量浓度分别为8mg/L、0.4mg/L时,铜藻幼苗的特定生长率最大;交互作用影响不显著(P0.05),不同质量浓度的氮为主效应;不同氮磷质量浓度比影响极显著(P0.01),且当氮磷比为10:1时,铜藻幼苗的特定生长率最大。研究结果为铜藻幼苗培育过程中营养盐的合理调控提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

南黄海绿潮暴发与紫菜养殖的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘材材  徐韧  何培民  张正龙  秦玉涛  项凌云  邓邦平  刘守海  季晓 《海洋科学》2017,41(2):35-43

采用现场调查、社会调查和卫星遥感多种手段相结合,调查了南黄海绿潮早期零星漂浮到大面积暴发的时空变化过程,分析了紫菜养殖工艺对绿潮暴发的影响,估算了南黄海不同紫菜养殖区输入海洋的绿潮藻初始生物量,并探讨了主要海域紫菜养殖面积的增长与绿潮暴发的关系。结果表明,受紫菜养殖生产工艺的影响,数以千吨的绿潮藻在短期内被刮落集中输入至海洋,为绿潮的暴发提供了最为直接和充足的绿潮藻初始生物量,其主要来源为竹根沙、蒋家沙和东沙紫菜养殖区。2005年以来,上述3个养殖区的紫菜养殖面积持续扩大,是2007年以来南黄海绿潮持续暴发的主要原因。水温是影响绿潮形成的关键环境因素,4~6月份大量被刮落入海的绿潮藻在适宜环境条件下漂浮和快速生长,并最终形成绿潮。  相似文献   

盐碱荒地开垦年限对表层土壤盐分的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

周丽  王玉刚  李彦  黄刚 《干旱区地理》2013,36(2):285-291

 以典型荒漠区原生盐碱荒地及开垦农田为研究对象,通过对比研究,以阐明原生盐碱荒地开垦后不同管理措施下土壤可溶盐总量的变化规律,开垦后土壤剖面中可溶盐总量的垂直分布和季节变化规律。结果表明：开垦显著降低了0～50 cm土壤的可溶性盐含量,开垦达100 a以上老耕地的可溶性盐含量（2.31 g/kg）仅为原生盐碱荒地（26.62 g/kg）的11%;长期的耕作改变了土壤可溶性盐分在土层中的分布,原生荒漠土壤盐分具有鲜明的表聚特征,0～30 cm土层的盐分含量占整个土壤剖面的79%,开垦50 a后,土壤中的盐分分布趋于均匀,各离子浓度的垂直分布不再明显;开垦使土壤中的盐分离子组成也发生了变化,Cl^-、K⁺、Na⁺离子浓度降低,而SO₄^2-、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺离子浓度增加,耕作层土壤由SO₄^-2-Cl^-1盐土转变为Cl^-1-SO₄^-2盐土;盐碱荒地土壤可溶盐浓度伴随着降水变化具有显著的季节变化特征,而季节对开垦耕地没有显著影响。总体而言,盐碱荒地经过多年开垦利用后,土壤可溶性盐分和pH值均显著降低。  相似文献